Chapter 4 ggplot - the geoms
There are many different type of graphs you can make in ggplot. For a quick overview, see the ggplot2-cheatsheet:
For more information, see Wickham’s book (Wickham 2016) and the official ggplot documentation. ggplot is very extensive, but the beauty of using R is that others are also contributing to its development. When a particular type of graph does not exist in ggplot, chances are that others already have made a package that you can use. For some examples of excellent extensions, see https://exts.ggplot2.tidyverse.org/.
For further examples of different graph-types, see here and here
References
Wickham, Hadley. 2016. Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. 2nd ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. http://www.springer.com/br/book/9780387981413.